Beyond the Earth

🌌 Chapter 12 – Beyond Earth 🌌

Let Us Enhance Our Learning

Q1: Match the columns

Column I	Column II
Satellite of Earth	Moon
Red planet	Mars
Constellation	Orion
Evening Star	Venus

Q2: Solve the riddle

✅ Answer: MARS

🔍 Custom Riddles:

• I glow in dusk, a planetary spark. I’m not a star, but the bright evening mark. Answer: Venus
• Fiery red from iron dust, I host rovers and human trust. Answer: Mars

Q3: Which is NOT a member of our Solar System?

Sirius — it's a star outside our Solar System, in the Canis Major constellation.

Q4: Which is NOT a planet of the Sun?

Pluto — now classified as a dwarf planet by the IAU since 2006.

Q5: Which is brighter: Pole Star or Sirius?

Sirius is the brightest star in the night sky. Pole Star (Polaris) is useful for navigation but less bright.

Q6: Correct order of planets from the Sun

1. Mercury
2. Venus
3. Earth
4. Mars
5. Jupiter
6. Saturn
7. Uranus
8. Neptune

Q7–Q8: Identify Big Dipper, Little Dipper, Pole Star, Orion, and Sirius

Use line drawings to identify each group in star maps. Refer to illustrations:

Q9: Why stars fade during daytime?

Stars are always present in the sky. However, the brightness of the Sun during the day overwhelms our view and causes stars to fade from visibility.

Q10: Observing Big Dipper every few hours

As Earth rotates, the Big Dipper appears to move across the sky. Observing it over time shows its arc movement.

Q11: Write a poem or story on the night sky

Over Himalayan snow, the stars sing bright,
Orion’s belt glows in the Nubra night.
Dhruva shines still like an ancient light,
Constellations dancing in endless flight.

Nature's Treasures

Nature's Treasures – Activity & Review Page

Activity 11.3: Wastage of Water

Activity	How is water wasted?	Ways to reduce wastage
Hand washing	Leaving tap open	Use a mug; turn off tap while scrubbing
Washing clothes	Using too much water	Wash in batches; use water-efficient machines
Washing utensils	Continuous running tap	Use a basin of water instead
Taking shower	Long duration and high flow	Install low-flow showerheads; time limit
Cooking	Discarding unused water	Reuse for watering plants
Gardening	Excess watering	Use drip irrigation; water early morning

Activity 11.5: Vehicle Fuel Survey

Type of Vehicle	Type of Fuel Used
Motorcycle	Petrol
Auto Rickshaw	CNG
Car	Petrol/Diesel
Bus	Diesel
Bicycle	Human Energy 😄

Answers to Exercises

Q1: Match and classify resources

Item	Correct Name	Type
ocrk	Rock	Non-renewable
refost	Forest	Renewable
ndiw	Wind	Renewable
atwre	Water	Renewable

Q2: True/False

• Nature has all the resources to meet human needs. ✅ True
• Machines are a resource found in nature. ❌ False — Machines are human-made resources
• Natural gas is a non-renewable resource. ✅ True
• Air is a renewable resource. ✅ True

Q3: Fill in the blanks

• (i) Petrol
• (ii) Water

Q4: Classify resources

• Coal – Non-renewable
• Natural Gas – Non-renewable
• Forests – Renewable
• Minerals – Non-renewable

Q5: Why is petroleum non-renewable?

Because it takes millions of years to form and cannot be replenished quickly.

Q6: It is difficult to regrow forests. Justify this statement.

Forests take many years to grow and restore biodiversity. The variety of trees and life forms cannot be regenerated quickly, and cutting them down disrupts ecosystems and food chains. Natural regeneration needs time, protection, and favorable conditions.

Q7: List five daily activities using natural resources & suggest ways to reduce use.

Activity	Resource Used	Ways to Reduce Use
Bathing	Water	Shorter showers; bucket instead of shower
Using fan/light	Electricity (Sun/fossil fuel)	Use natural light; turn off when not in use
Eating food	Water, soil, sunlight	Reduce food waste; eat local produce
Commuting	Fossil fuel	Use bicycle or public transport
Washing clothes	Water	Wash full loads; use water-efficient machine

Q8: Four activities possible due to presence of air

• Breathing
• Flying kites or airplanes
• Drying clothes in wind
• Generating electricity via windmills

Q9: How can you enhance the green cover of your locality?

• Plant native trees and shrubs
• Organize tree-planting drives with schools and communities
• Avoid cutting trees unnecessarily
• Reuse paper and wood products
• Create awareness through eco-clubs

Q10: Cooking with solar energy

• Type of energy used: Solar energy
• One benefit: Eco-friendly and renewable source
• One drawback: Depends on availability of sunlight

Q11: Why does cutting down forests affect soil quality?

Tree roots hold soil in place and prevent erosion. Fallen leaves enrich soil with nutrients through decomposition. Without trees, soil becomes loose, dry, and nutrient-poor.

Q12: Air pollution causes and solution

• Causes:
  • Vehicle emissions
  • Burning waste and fossil fuels
• Solution: Promote cycling, use public transport, plant more trees

Q13: What if there's no sunlight for a week?

Solar panels won’t generate power, solar cookers and heaters won't work, and plants may suffer due to lack of photosynthesis. We'd depend more on non-renewable energy.

Q14: Fill up classification of resources

Renewable Resources	Non-renewable Resources
Air	Petroleum
Water	Coal
Forest	Fossil Fuels
Natural Gas	Minerals

Q15: Is cutting trees for industries justified?

Not always. While some industries depend on wood, excessive cutting leads to deforestation and loss of biodiversity. Alternatives like sustainable farming and recycled materials should be promoted. Balance is essential.

Q16: Plan to reduce water usage in school

• Install push taps to control flow
• Fix leakages promptly
• Use harvested rainwater for cleaning/gardening
• Raise awareness through posters and campaigns
• Monitor usage monthly and report savings

Seed germination

Seed Germination and Life Cycles – Assignment

Question 1: Does it grow?

S. no.	Does it grow?	Does it respire?	Example	Remarks
1	Yes	Yes	Plant	Living thing
2	No	No	Rock	Non-living thing

Question 2: Diagram of a seed

Below is a labeled diagram showing the structure of a seed: embryo, endosperm, and seed coat.

Embryo

Endosperm

Seed Coat

Question 3: Use of seed germination knowledge for grain storage

To store grains and pulses properly, we need to keep them in a cool, dry place. Seeds need moisture, warmth, and oxygen to germinate. Controlling these factors helps prevent spoilage. Airtight containers help maintain dryness.

Question 4: Advantage of tail in tadpole stage

The tail provides propulsion and balance in water, helping tadpoles swim and find food effectively.

Question 5: Charan and Charu's statements

I agree with Charan that a wooden log is non-living. It no longer grows or responds like a living tree. Once harvested, it loses the traits of living organisms.

Question 6: Life cycles of a mosquito and a frog

Mosquitoes undergo complete metamorphosis: egg → larva → pupa → adult. Frogs undergo incomplete metamorphosis: egg → tadpole → adult. Both show significant changes in form during development.

Question 7: Drawing of a plant after one week

After one week, the shoot grows taller with leaves, and the root develops hairs to absorb water. The plant begins photosynthesis.

Question 8: Tara and Vijay's experiment

They want to test how different conditions (light, water, temperature) affect seed germination. They'll know by observing the number of seeds that sprout under each condition.

Question 9: Temperature experiment

• Use 4 sets of bean seeds at 10°C, 20°C, 30°C, and 40°C
• Keep seeds moist and provide light
• Observe germination over 7 days

Expected Outcome: Best germination at 20°C–30°C. Low at 10°C; possibly too high at 40°C.

Conclusion: Helps identify optimal temperature for germination.

10 living creatures

Chapter 10: Living Creatures - Comprehensive Q&A

1. True or False: A shell can be part of a living snail.

True (page 184).

2. What did Avadhi notice during her morning walk? (Short Answer)

Some shells (page 184).

3. True or False: Non-moving objects are always non-living.

False (page 184, e.g., snail in shell).

4. Match: Classroom objects – (a) Pencil (b) Pigeon (c) Book (d) All are living.

a) Pencil, c) Book (page 184, non-living).

5. What is the purpose of Activity 10.1? (Short Answer)

To record and identify living and non-living things (page 184).

6. True or False: A car is living because it moves.

False (page 185).

7. What is one similarity among living beings? (Short Answer)

Movement (page 185).

8. True or False: Plants move from place to place.

False (page 185).

9. Match: Movement in plants – (a) Opening flowers (b) Walking (c) Flying (d) None.

a) Opening flowers (page 185).

10. True or False: Insectivorous plants trap insects.

True (page 185, e.g., Drosera).

11. What causes a child to outgrow old clothes? (Short Answer)

Growth (page 185).

12. True or False: Non-living things grow.

False (page 185).

13. Match: Growth requirement – (a) Food (b) Rocks (c) Sunlight only (d) Nothing.

a) Food (page 186).

14. True or False: Breathing increases after running.

True (page 186).

15. What are stomata? (Short Answer)

Tiny pores on leaves for air exchange (page 186).

16. True or False: Sweat is a waste product.

True (page 186).

17. Match: Plant excretion – (a) Urine (b) Droplets on leaves (c) Sweat (d) None.

b) Droplets on leaves (page 186).

18. True or False: Touching a hot object is a stimulus.

True (page 187).

19. What plant folds leaves when touched? (Short Answer)

Touch-me-not (chhui-mui) (page 187).

20. True or False: Reproduction ensures life continuity.

True (page 187).

21. Match: Young ones – (a) Puppies (b) Chairs (c) Rocks (d) Cars.

a) Puppies (page 187).

22. True or False: Water is essential for seed germination.

True (page 190).

23. What softens the seed coat? (Short Answer)

Water (page 190).

24. True or False: Shoots grow toward light.

True (page 193).

25. Match: Root growth – (a) Upward (b) Downward (c) Toward light (d) None.

b) Downward (page 193).

26. True or False: A plant’s life cycle ends with seeds.

True (page 195).

27. What develops from a flower? (Short Answer)

Pod or fruit with seeds (page 195).

28. True or False: Mosquitoes lay eggs in water.

True (page 196).

29. Match: Mosquito stage – (a) Larva (b) Pupa (c) Egg (d) All are stages.

d) All are stages (page 199).

30. True or False: Frog eggs are called spawn.

True (page 200).

31. What helps tadpoles swim? (Short Answer)

Tail (page 201).

32. True or False: All living beings move.

False (page 185, e.g., plants).

33. What is a characteristic of living beings? (Short Answer)

Growth (page 185).

34. True or False: A stone grows over time.

False (page 185).

35. Match: Respiration site – (a) Lungs (b) Stomata (c) Both (d) Neither.

c) Both (page 186).

36. True or False: Plants excrete through roots.

False (page 186, through leaves).

37. What is an example of a stimulus? (Short Answer)

Touch (page 187).

38. True or False: Reproduction is only in animals.

False (page 187, plants too).

39. Match: Seed part – (a) Cotyledon (b) Shell (c) Rock (d) None.

a) Cotyledon (page 190).

40. True or False: Sunlight helps seed growth.

True (page 190).

41. What is the purpose of Activity 10.2? (Short Answer)

To investigate conditions for seed germination (page 188).

42. True or False: Roots grow toward water.

True (page 193).

43. Match: Plant life stage – (a) Seedling (b) Adult (c) Both (d) Neither.

c) Both (page 195).

44. True or False: Mosquito larvae breathe air.

True (page 197).

45. What is the purpose of Fig. 10.5? (Short Answer)

To show mosquito larvae and pupae (page 197).

46. True or False: Seeds need air to germinate.

True (page 190).

47. What condition prevents seed germination? (Short Answer)

Lack of water (page 190).

48. True or False: Excess water harms seed germination.

True (page 189, blocks air).

49. Match: Germination factor – (a) Water (b) Sunlight (c) Both (d) Neither.

a) Water (page 190).

50. True or False: Dark conditions stop germination.

False (page 190, germination occurs).

51. What is the purpose of Activity 10.3? (Short Answer)

To study root and shoot growth direction (page 191).

52. True or False: Shoots bend toward light.

True (page 193).

53. Match: Growth response – (a) To gravity (b) To light (c) Both (d) Neither.

c) Both (page 193).

54. True or False: Roots grow upward when inverted.

False (page 193, grow downward).

55. What is the purpose of Fig. 10.3? (Short Answer)

To show root and shoot growth directions (page 193).

56. True or False: A plant’s life cycle includes seeds.

True (page 195).

57. What part of a plant produces seeds? (Short Answer)

Flower (page 195).

58. True or False: All plants have the same life cycle.

False (page 195, varies by type).

59. Match: Plant stage – (a) Seed (b) Flower (c) Both (d) Neither.

c) Both (page 195).

60. True or False: A pod contains seeds.

True (page 195).

61. What is the purpose of Activity 10.4? (Short Answer)

To observe the plant life cycle (page 194).

62. True or False: Mosquitoes breed in moving water.

False (page 196, stagnant water).

63. What is the first stage of a mosquito’s life? (Short Answer)

Egg (page 199).

64. True or False: Mosquito larvae swim.

True (page 197).

65. Match: Mosquito stage duration – (a) Egg (b) Larva (c) Pupa (d) All equal.

a) Egg (page 199, shortest).

66. True or False: Pupa is a resting stage.

True (page 199).

67. What is the purpose of Activity 10.5? (Short Answer)

To analyze mosquito life cycle stages (page 198).

68. True or False: Adult mosquitoes fly.

True (page 199).

69. Match: Disease carrier – (a) Larva (b) Adult mosquito (c) Pupa (d) Egg.

b) Adult mosquito (page 196).

70. True or False: Kerosene prevents mosquito breeding.

True (page 197).

71. What is the purpose of Fig. 10.6? (Short Answer)

To show the mosquito life cycle (page 199).

72. True or False: Frog eggs are laid in clusters.

True (page 200).

73. What develops from frog eggs? (Short Answer)

Tadpoles (page 201).

74. True or False: Tadpoles have gills.

True (page 201).

75. Match: Frog stage – (a) Egg (b) Tadpole (c) Froglet (d) All.

d) All (page 201).

76. True or False: Froglets have legs.

True (page 201).

77. What is the purpose of Activity 10.6? (Short Answer)

To analyze frog life cycle stages (page 200).

78. True or False: Adult frogs breathe through lungs.

True (page 201).

79. Match: Frog habitat – (a) Water (b) Land (c) Both (d) Neither.

c) Both (page 201).

80. True or False: Tadpoles eat plants.

True (page 201).

81. What is the purpose of Fig. 10.7? (Short Answer)

To show frog life cycle stages (page 200).

82. True or False: All living beings reproduce asexually.

False (page 187, some sexually).

83. What is an example of plant movement? (Short Answer)

Leaf folding (page 185).

84. True or False: Growth stops in adults.

False (page 185, e.g., cell growth).

85. Match: Excretion method – (a) Urine (b) Leaf droplets (c) Sweat (d) All.

d) All (page 186).

86. True or False: Plants respond to sound.

False (page 187, limited evidence).

87. What is the purpose of Table 10.2? (Short Answer)

To record seed germination conditions (page 189).

88. True or False: Seeds germinate in dry conditions.

False (page 190).

89. Match: Growth direction – (a) Shoot upward (b) Root upward (c) Both (d) Neither.

a) Shoot upward (page 193).

90. True or False: A plant’s life cycle repeats.

True (page 195).

91. What is the purpose of Activity 10.3? (Short Answer)

To design an experiment on plant growth direction (page 191).

92. True or False: Mosquito eggs float on water.

True (page 196).

93. What eats mosquito larvae? (Short Answer)

Fish (page 197).

94. True or False: Pupa transforms into an adult.

True (page 199).

95. Match: Life cycle stage – (a) Egg (b) Larva (c) Pupa (d) All.

d) All (page 199).

96. True or False: Frog tadpoles have lungs.

False (page 201, gills).

97. What is the purpose of Fig. 10.8? (Short Answer)

To show the frog life cycle (page 201).

98. True or False: Adult frogs lay eggs.

True (page 200).

99. Match: Breathing organ – (a) Gills (b) Lungs (c) Both (d) Neither.

c) Both (page 201).

100. True or False: Tadpoles become froglets.

True (page 201).

101. What is the purpose of Table 10.3? (Short Answer)

To record root and shoot growth directions (page 192).

102. True or False: Plants need nutrients from soil.

True (page 191).

103. What is an example of plant excretion? (Short Answer)

Water droplets (page 186).

104. True or False: Mosquitoes transmit malaria.

True (page 196).

105. Match: Life cycle change – (a) Plants (b) Frogs (c) Both (d) Neither.

c) Both (page 202).

106. True or False: Seeds can remain dormant.

True (page 190).

107. What activates seed germination? (Short Answer)

Water and air (page 190).

108. True or False: Germination needs warmth.

True (page 190, implied).

109. Match: Germination stage – (a) Seedling (b) Seed (c) Both (d) Neither.

a) Seedling (page 190).

110. True or False: Seeds grow without air.

False (page 190).

111. What is the purpose of Fig. 10.2? (Short Answer)

To show plant growth setups (page 192).

112. True or False: Shoots grow downward.

False (page 193, upward).

113. Match: Growth factor – (a) Light (b) Gravity (c) Both (d) Neither.

c) Both (page 193).

114. True or False: Roots respond to gravity.

True (page 193).

115. What is the purpose of Activity 10.3? (Short Answer)

To observe plant growth direction (page 191).

116. True or False: Plants grow without light after germination.

False (page 190).

117. What scientist studied plant movement? (Short Answer)

Jagadish Chandra Bose (page 193).

118. True or False: Plant growth is irreversible.

True (page 185).

119. Match: Plant response – (a) To touch (b) To gravity (c) Both (d) Neither.

c) Both (page 187, 193).

120. True or False: A plant dies after flowering.

False (page 195, depends on species).

121. What is the purpose of Fig. 10.4? (Short Answer)

To show the plant life cycle (page 195).

122. True or False: Mosquito larvae need water.

True (page 197).

123. What stage follows mosquito eggs? (Short Answer)

Larva (page 199).

124. True or False: Pupa is mobile.

False (page 199).

125. Match: Mosquito control method – (a) Adding fish (b) Adding water (c) Both (d) Neither.

a) Adding fish (page 197).

126. True or False: Adult mosquitoes bite.

True (page 196).

127. What is the purpose of Activity 10.5? (Short Answer)

To study mosquito breeding (page 198).

128. True or False: Mosquito pupae breathe air.

True (page 197).

129. Match: Life stage – (a) Egg (b) Adult (c) Both (d) Neither.

c) Both (page 199).

130. True or False: Mosquitoes have a complete metamorphosis.

True (page 199).

131. What is the purpose of Fig. 10.6? (Short Answer)

To illustrate the mosquito life cycle (page 199).

132. True or False: Frog spawn is sticky.

True (page 200).

133. What is the second stage of a frog’s life? (Short Answer)

Tadpole (page 201).

134. True or False: Tadpoles develop legs.

True (page 201).

135. Match: Frog adaptation – (a) Gills (b) Lungs (c) Both (d) Neither.

c) Both (page 201).

136. True or False: Froglets are fully grown.

False (page 201).

137. What is the purpose of Activity 10.6? (Short Answer)

To observe frog life cycle changes (page 200).

138. True or False: Adult frogs have tails.

False (page 201).

139. Match: Life cycle duration – (a) Egg (b) Tadpole (c) Froglet (d) All equal.

a) Egg (page 201, shortest).

140. True or False: Frogs hibernate.

True (page 201, implied).

141. What is the purpose of Fig. 10.7? (Short Answer)

To depict frog life cycle stages (page 200).

142. True or False: All living beings have a life cycle.

True (page 202).

143. What is a similarity in plant and animal life cycles? (Short Answer)

Reproduction (page 202).

144. True or False: Life cycles differ between species.

True (page 202).

145. Match: Life cycle feature – (a) Metamorphosis (b) Growth (c) Both (d) Neither.

c) Both (page 202).

146. True or False: Plants and animals die.

True (page 187).

147. What is the purpose of Table 10.1? (Short Answer)

To classify living and non-living things (page 184).

148. True or False: Movement is a sign of life.

True (page 185).

149. Match: Living characteristic – (a) Respiration (b) Growth (c) Both (d) Neither.

c) Both (page 186).

150. True or False: Plants breathe at night.

True (page 186).

151. What is the purpose of Activity 10.2? (Short Answer)

To test seed germination conditions (page 188).

152. True or False: Seeds need soil to germinate.

False (page 190, air and water suffice).

153. Match: Growth direction – (a) Root down (b) Shoot up (c) Both (d) Neither.

c) Both (page 193).

154. True or False: Plants need light for photosynthesis.

True (page 190).

155. What is the purpose of Fig. 10.3? (Short Answer)

To illustrate plant growth experiments (page 193).

156. True or False: Mosquito larvae are aquatic.

True (page 197).

157. What controls mosquito breeding? (Short Answer)

Removing stagnant water (page 196).

158. True or False: Pupa is the final stage.

False (page 199, adult follows).

159. Match: Life cycle stage – (a) Larva (b) Adult (c) Both (d) Neither.

c) Both (page 199).

160. True or False: Mosquito adults live on land.

True (page 199).

161. What is the purpose of Activity 10.4? (Short Answer)

To track plant life cycle stages (page 194).

162. True or False: Frog eggs need oxygen.

True (page 200).

163. What stage follows tadpole? (Short Answer)

Froglet (page 201).

164. True or False: Froglets breathe through lungs.

True (page 201).

165. Match: Frog feature – (a) Tail (b) Legs (c) Both (d) Neither.

c) Both (page 201).

166. True or False: Adult frogs are carnivorous.

True (page 201).

167. What is the purpose of Fig. 10.8? (Short Answer)

To illustrate frog metamorphosis (page 201).

168. True or False: Frogs have a complete metamorphosis.

True (page 201).

169. Match: Life cycle stage – (a) Egg (b) Adult (c) Both (d) Neither.

c) Both (page 201).

170. True or False: Frog life cycle ends with death.

True (page 202).

171. What is the purpose of Activity 10.6? (Short Answer)

To study frog development (page 200).

172. True or False: Plants and animals share life cycle traits.

True (page 202).

173. What is a difference in plant and animal life cycles? (Short Answer)

Metamorphosis (page 202).

174. True or False: Life cycles are predictable.

True (page 202).

175. Match: Life cycle process – (a) Growth (b) Reproduction (c) Both (d) Neither.

c) Both (page 202).

176. True or False: All seeds germinate at the same rate.

False (page 190).

177. What is needed for plant growth after germination? (Short Answer)

Sunlight (page 190).

178. True or False: Roots anchor plants.

True (page 193).

179. Match: Plant need – (a) Water (b) Light (c) Both (d) Neither.

c) Both (page 190).

180. True or False: Mosquito larvae are predators.

False (page 197, filter feeders).

181. What is the purpose of Table 10.2? (Short Answer)

To test germination conditions (page 189).

182. True or False: Plants excrete oxygen.

True (page 186, during photosynthesis).

183. Match: Stimulus type – (a) Light (b) Touch (c) Both (d) Neither.

c) Both (page 187).

184. True or False: Tadpoles lose gills as adults.

True (page 201).

185. What is the purpose of Fig. 10.9? (Short Answer)

To show plant growth conditions (page 204, assumed).

186. True or False: Mosquito pupae are active.

False (page 199).

187. What is a frog’s defense mechanism? (Short Answer)

Jumping (page 201).

188. True or False: Plants need air to grow.

True (page 190).

189. Match: Life cycle end – (a) Death (b) Birth (c) Both (d) Neither.

a) Death (page 202).

190. True or False: Frog eggs hatch in air.

False (page 200, in water).

191. What is the purpose of Activity 10.1? (Short Answer)

To identify living and non-living things (page 184).

192. True or False: Plants move to find light.

False (page 185, grow toward it).

193. Match: Living trait – (a) Excretion (b) Movement (c) Both (d) Neither.

c) Both (page 186).

194. True or False: Seeds need warmth to germinate.

True (page 190).

195. What is the purpose of Table 10.3? (Short Answer)

To record growth directions (page 192).

196. True or False: Mosquito larvae eat algae.

True (page 197).

197. Match: Growth response – (a) To water (b) To light (c) Both (d) Neither.

c) Both (page 193).

198. True or False: Froglets lose their tails.

True (page 201).

199. What is the purpose of Fig. 10.5? (Short Answer)

To show mosquito larvae and pupae (page 197).

200. True or False: Plants excrete through stomata.

False (page 186, droplets on leaves).

201. Match: Life cycle stage – (a) Seed (b) Tadpole (c) Both (d) Neither.

c) Both (page 201).

202. True or False: Mosquito pupae are immobile.

True (page 199).

203. What is the purpose of Activity 10.4? (Short Answer)

To observe plant life cycle (page 194).

204. True or False: Frog eggs are protected by jelly.

True (page 200).

205. Match: Breathing method – (a) Gills (b) Skin (c) Both (d) Neither.

c) Both (page 201).

206. True or False: Plants grow toward gravity.

False (page 193, roots do).

207. What is the purpose of Table 10.1? (Short Answer)

To list living and non-living things (page 184).

208. True or False: Mosquito breeding increases with rain.

True (page 196).

209. What prevents mosquito larvae from surviving? (Short Answer)

Predatory fish (page 197).

210. True or False: Pupa stage is the longest in mosquitoes.

False (page 199, egg is shortest).

211. Match: Mosquito life stage – (a) Egg (b) Larva (c) Pupa (d) All.

d) All (page 199).

212. True or False: Adult mosquitoes lay eggs.

True (page 196).

213. What is the purpose of Fig. 10.5? (Short Answer)

To depict mosquito larvae and pupae (page 197).

214. True or False: Frog tadpoles are herbivores.

True (page 201).

215. What protects frog eggs from drying? (Short Answer)

Jelly coating (page 200).

216. True or False: Froglets have both gills and lungs.

False (page 201, transitioning).

217. Match: Frog adaptation – (a) Webbed feet (b) Tail (c) Both (d) Neither.

a) Webbed feet (page 201).

218. True or False: Adult frogs can swim.

True (page 201).

219. What is the purpose of Activity 10.6? (Short Answer)

To study frog life cycle stages (page 200).

220. True or False: Frog eggs need sunlight.

False (page 200, water and air suffice).

221. What is the purpose of Fig. 10.7? (Short Answer)

To show frog life cycle stages (page 200).

222. True or False: Plants and animals have similar life cycles.

False (page 202, differ in stages).

223. What is a common life cycle stage? (Short Answer)

Reproduction (page 202).

224. True or False: Metamorphosis occurs in frogs.

True (page 201).

225. Match: Life cycle feature – (a) Egg (b) Adult (c) Both (d) Neither.

c) Both (page 202).

226. True or False: Plants die after one life cycle.

False (page 195, perennial plants).

227. What is the purpose of Table 10.2? (Short Answer)

To analyze seed germination conditions (page 189).

228. True or False: Movement is essential for life.

False (page 185, plants don’t move much).

229. Match: Living process – (a) Respiration (b) Excretion (c) Both (d) Neither.

c) Both (page 186).

230. True or False: Plants respond to gravity.

True (page 193).

231. What is the purpose of Activity 10.3? (Short Answer)

To observe growth directions (page 191).

232. True or False: Seeds germinate faster in light.

False (page 190, not essential).

233. Match: Growth direction – (a) Root to light (b) Shoot to gravity (c) Neither (d) Both.

c) Neither (page 193).

234. True or False: Mosquito larvae are visible to the naked eye.

True (page 197).

235. What is the purpose of Fig. 10.6? (Short Answer)

To illustrate mosquito life cycle (page 199).

236. True or False: Frog tadpoles have teeth.

False (page 201, no teeth).

237. What is a frog’s food as an adult? (Short Answer)

Insects (page 201).

238. True or False: Plants have a simple life cycle.

True (page 195, compared to animals).

239. Match: Life cycle stage – (a) Seed (b) Egg (c) Both (d) Neither.

c) Both (page 202).

240. True or False: Mosquitoes have a four-stage life cycle.

True (page 199).

241. What is the purpose of Activity 10.5? (Short Answer)

To study mosquito life stages (page 198).

242. True or False: Frog eggs are laid on land.

False (page 200, in water).

243. Match: Adaptation – (a) Gills (b) Legs (c) Both (d) Neither.

c) Both (page 201).

244. True or False: Plants need minerals from soil.

True (page 191).

245. What is the purpose of Fig. 10.8? (Short Answer)

To show frog life cycle stages (page 201).

246. True or False: Mosquito pupae feed.

False (page 199).

247. What is a plant’s response to touch? (Short Answer)

Leaf folding (page 187).

248. True or False: Frog tadpoles are aquatic.

True (page 201).

249. Match: Life cycle process – (a) Birth (b) Death (c) Both (d) Neither.

c) Both (page 202).

250. True or False: Plants reproduce through seeds.

True (page 195).

251. What is the purpose of Table 10.3? (Short Answer)

To record plant growth directions (page 192).

252. True or False: Mosquito larvae breathe through gills.

False (page 197, air tubes).

253. What is a frog’s juvenile stage? (Short Answer)

Tadpole (page 201).

254. True or False: Plants have a metamorphosis.

False (page 195).

255. Match: Life cycle stage – (a) Pupa (b) Seedling (c) Both (d) Neither.

c) Both (page 199, 190).

256. True or False: Frog eggs are fertilized externally.

True (page 200).

257. What is the purpose of Activity 10.2? (Short Answer)

To test seed germination factors (page 188).

258. True or False: Mosquito adults are terrestrial.

True (page 199).

259. Match: Living characteristic – (a) Response (b) Growth (c) Both (d) Neither.

c) Both (page 187).

260. True or False: Plants can reproduce asexually.

True (page 187).

261. What is the purpose of Fig. 10.4? (Short Answer)

To show plant life cycle (page 195).

262. True or False: Frog tadpoles have eyes.

True (page 201).

263. What is a plant’s method of asexual reproduction? (Short Answer)

Runners (page 187).

264. True or False: Mosquito larvae are sensitive to light.

True (page 197).

265. Match: Life cycle change – (a) Plant (b) Frog (c) Both (d) Neither.

c) Both (page 202).

266. True or False: Frog eggs are transparent.

True (page 200).

267. What is the purpose of Activity 10.1? (Short Answer)

To identify living things (page 184).

268. True or False: Plants need carbon dioxide.

True (page 186).

269. Match: Reproduction method – (a) Seeds (b) Eggs (c) Both (d) Neither.

c) Both (page 187).

270. True or False: Mosquito pupae are vulnerable to predators.

True (page 199).

271. What is the purpose of Table 10.1? (Short Answer)

To compare living and non-living (page 184).

272. True or False: Plants grow throughout their life.

False (page 185, slows with age).

273. Match: Living feature – (a) Movement (b) Reproduction (c) Both (d) Neither.

c) Both (page 185).

274. True or False: Frog tadpoles are nocturnal.

False (page 201, diurnal tendencies).

275. What is the purpose of Fig. 10.9? (Short Answer)

To show growth conditions (page 204, assumed).

276. True or False: Mosquito eggs hatch in one day.

True (page 199, approximately).

277. What is a plant’s energy source? (Short Answer)

Sunlight (page 190).

278. True or False: Frog adults are amphibians.

True (page 201).

279. Match: Life cycle stage – (a) Larva (b) Froglet (c) Both (d) Neither.

c) Both (page 201).

280. True or False: Plants can live without water.

False (page 190).

281. What is the purpose of Activity 10.5? (Short Answer)

To observe mosquito stages (page 198).

282. True or False: Frog eggs are laid in summer.

True (page 200, seasonally).

283. Match: Living process – (a) Breathing (b) Excretion (c) Both (d) Neither.

c) Both (page 186).

284. True or False: Mosquito larvae are plant eaters.

True (page 197, algae).

285. What is the purpose of Fig. 10.3? (Short Answer)

To show growth direction experiments (page 193).

286. True or False: Frog tadpoles have a backbone.

True (page 201).

287. What is a plant’s reproductive organ? (Short Answer)

Flower (page 195).

288. True or False: Mosquito pupae are enclosed in a cocoon.

False (page 199, no cocoon).

289. Match: Life cycle trait – (a) Growth (b) Metamorphosis (c) Both (d) Neither.

c) Both (page 202).

290. True or False: Plants can grow in water alone.

False (page 190, need nutrients).

291. What is the purpose of Activity 10.6? (Short Answer)

To track frog development (page 200).

292. True or False: Frog adults can breathe underwater.

False (page 201, through skin).

293. Match: Living feature – (a) Response (b) Reproduction (c) Both (d) Neither.

c) Both (page 187).

294. True or False: Mosquito eggs are laid in groups.

True (page 196).

295. What is the purpose of Fig. 10.2? (Short Answer)

To show germination setups (page 192).

296. True or False: Plants can store food.

True (page 190, e.g., seeds).

297. Match: Life cycle stage – (a) Adult (b) Seed (c) Both (d) Neither.

c) Both (page 202).

298. True or False: Frog tadpoles can regenerate limbs.

True (page 201, to an extent).

299. What is the purpose of Table 10.2? (Short Answer)

To compare germination conditions (page 189).

300. True or False: Sunlight is essential for seed germination.

False (page 190, not essential but needed for growth).

Table 10.1: Living beings and non-living things in our surroundings (Page 184)

(I)	(II) My guess (Living/Non-living)	(III) Reason/Remarks	(IV) Correct answer	(V) Reason/Remarks for the correct answer
Pencil	Non-living	Does not move or grow	Non-living	No growth, respiration, or reproduction
Book	Non-living	Stationary, no life signs	Non-living	Lacks movement, growth, or response to stimuli
Pigeon	Living	Moves, flies, and eats	Living	Shows growth, respiration, and reproduction
Car	Non-living	Moves but doesn’t grow	Non-living	Lacks growth, respiration, or reproduction
Plant	Living	Grows and needs water	Living	Exhibits growth, respiration, and reproduction

Note: Based on comparing objects to living characteristics (page 185).

Table 10.2: Effect of certain conditions on seed germination (Page 188)

Pot with bean seeds	Availability of Air	Sunlight	Water	Seed germination Prediction	Observation	Possible reason for the observation
A: In direct sunlight and without water	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Lack of water prevents germination
B: In direct sunlight and excess water	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	Excess water displaces air, suffocating seeds
C: In complete dark and moist soil	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Moist soil and air support germination
D: In direct sunlight and moist soil	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	All essential conditions (water, air) met

Note: Sunlight is not essential for germination (page 190).

Table 10.3: Growth of root and shoot under different conditions (Page 192)

Beakers	Direction of sunlight	Direction of plant	Direction of growth of root and shoot	Predictions	Observations
A	All directions	Upright	Shoot	Upwards	Upwards
			Root	Downwards	Downwards
B	All directions	Inverted	Shoot	Upwards	Upwards (bends)
			Root	Downwards	Downwards (bends)
C	Only from one direction	Upright	Shoot	Towards light	Towards light
			Root	Downwards	Downwards

Note: Shoots grow toward light, roots toward gravity (page 193).